L'histoire ancienne de Naples

L'histoire ancienne de Naples - Napoli 08

L'histoire ancienne de Naples

La ville de Naples, située dans le sud de l'Italie, possède une histoire ancienne fascinante qui remonte à plus de 2 800 ans. Fondée par les Grecs au VIIIe siècle avant J.-C., Naples est l'une des plus anciennes villes continuellement habitées au monde.

Au cours des siècles, Naples a été gouvernée par plusieurs civilisations, dont les Grecs, les Romains, les Byzantins, les Normands et les Espagnols. Chaque gouvernement a laissé sa marque sur la ville, en contribuant à son développement culturel, architectural et politique.

Fondation grecque

La région où se trouve Naples était habitée par les populations indigènes depuis des milliers d'années avant l'arrivée des Grecs. Cependant, c'est en 470 avant J.-C. que les colons grecs, originaires de la colonie de Calcides, ont fondé la colonie de Parthenope.

Les Grecs ont choisi cet emplacement en raison de sa position stratégique sur la baie de Naples, qui offrait un port naturel et de bonnes opportunités commerciales. Ils ont prospéré grâce au commerce, à l'agriculture et à d'autres activités économiques. Au fil du temps, la ville est devenue connue sous le nom de Neapolis, qui signifie "nouvelle cité" en grec.

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Domination romaine

Au IIIe siècle avant J.-C., Naples est devenue une cité romaine, lorsque la République romaine a conquis la région. Sous les Romains, la ville est devenue un important centre culturel et économique. De nombreux édifices publics, tels que des théâtres, des thermes et des temples, ont été construits pendant cette période.

Naples est également connue pour sa proximité avec la ville romaine de Pompéi, qui a été préservée sous les cendres de l'éruption du mont Vésuve en 79 apr. J.-C. Cette catastrophe naturelle a détruit Pompéi mais a également préservé de nombreux éléments de la vie romaine antique, ce qui en fait une source d'informations précieuse pour les historiens et les archéologues.

Influences byzantines et normandes

Au cours du Moyen Âge, Naples est passée sous la domination de l'Empire byzantin, puis du royaume normand de Sicile. Les Byzantins ont laissé leur empreinte architecturale, notamment avec la construction de l'église San Giovanni a Carbonara et du château de l'Oeuf, tous deux situés dans la ville.

Sous les Normands, Naples est devenue la capitale du royaume et a connu une période de prospérité. Des palais, des églises et d'autres monuments ont été construits, dont certains existent encore aujourd'hui, tels que le Palais Royal, la cathédrale de Naples et le Castel Nuovo.

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Domination espagnole

À partir du XVe siècle, Naples est passée sous la domination espagnole, qui a duré près de trois siècles. Pendant cette période, la ville a subi de nombreux changements socio-politiques et culturels, notamment avec l'arrivée de nouvelles influences artistiques et architecturales de la Renaissance.

La domination espagnole s'est terminée au XVIIIe siècle, lorsque Naples est devenue la capitale du royaume des Deux-Siciles. Cette période a été marquée par des révoltes et des soulèvements jusqu'à l'unification de l'Italie en 1861.

Conclusion

L'histoire ancienne de Naples est un mélange fascinant de cultures et de civilisations qui ont contribué à façonner la ville telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui. De son origine grecque à sa domination romaine, byzantine, normande et espagnole, Naples est un véritable témoignage de l'histoire riche de l'Italie.

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